NT-4 attenuates neuroinflammation via TrkB/PI3K/FoxO1 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.
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Neuroinflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). neurotrophin – 4 (NT- 4 ) is a member of the neurotrophin family and interact with tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB ). NT- 4 has been shown to provide the following neurological effects of cerebral ischemia. We aimed to determine the function of the nerves of NT- 4 -TrkB signaling, as well as the signaling cascade downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (Akt) / forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), the following GMH in neonatal rats.
GMH induced by intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase (0.3 U) in P7 rat pup. A total of 163 pups were used in this study. Recombinant Human NT- 4 is given intranasally at 1 hour after injection of collagenase. Selective TrkB ANA-12 antagonist, selective PI3K inhibitor LY29 4 002, and FoxO1 activate CRISPR given intracerebroventricularly at 2 4 hours before NT- 4 treatment to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Short-term and long-term neurobehavioral assessment, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl’s staining and Western blot performed.
The expression of phosphorylated TrkB increased after GMH, reaching peak levels on day 3 after bleeding. TrkB receptors were observed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Administration rh-NT- 4 induced phosphorylation of TrkB, the expression of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Meanwhile, the decrease in FoxO1 and IL-6 levels. Selective inhibition of TrkB / PI3K / Akt signaling in microglia increase expression levels FoxO1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. FoxO1 activate CRISPR increased expression of IL-6, suggesting that perhaps FoxO1 potential inducer of pro-inflammatory factors.
These results demonstrate that the PI3K / Akt / FoxO1 downstream signaling pathways may TrkB activation. Rat pups treated with rh-NT- 4 performed better than vehicle-treated animals both short-term and long-term behavioral tests. These data indicate that rh-NT – 4 reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improve neurological function, attenuated neuroinflammation, and thus reduced post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after GMH by TrkB / PI3K / Akt / FoxO1 track. These results indicate that rh-NT- 4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for repairing nerve inflammation and hydrocephalus after GMH or other similar brain injuries.
NT-4 attenuates neuroinflammation via TrkB/PI3K/FoxO1 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factors mediate macrophage migration inhibitory factor to protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deficiency.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a chemokine that plays an important role in immune system function. Previous research suggests that MIF protect neurons under ischemic conditions. However, several studies reported on the role of MIF in nerve recovery after ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection mediated by MIF.
Description: 4-1BB Receptor, a member of the TNF superfamily of receptors, is mainly expressed on the surface of a variety of T cells, but also found in B cells, monocytes, and various transformed cell lines. 4-1BB Receptor binds to 4-1BBL to provide a co-stimulatory signal for T lymphocytes. Signaling by 4-1BB Receptor has been implicated in the antigen-presentation process and generation of cytotoxic T cells. The human 4-1BB Receptor gene codes for a 255 amino acid type I transmembrane protein containing a 17 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence, a 169 amino acid extracellular domain, a 27 amino acid transmembrane domain and a 42 amino acid cytoplasmic domain. Recombinant human soluble 4-1BB Receptor is a 167 amino acid polypeptide (17.7 kDa), which contains the cysteine rich TNFR-like extracellular domain of 4-1BB Receptor.
Description: PF-4 is a CXC chemokine that is expressed in megakaryocytes and stored in the α-granules of platelets. PF-4 is chemotactic towards neutrophils and monocytes and has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis. Recombinant human PF-4 is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved residues present in CXC chemokines.
Description: IL-4 has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity. Feline IL-4 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-4 produced in yeast.
Genorise® Recombinant feline Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4) protein
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Recombinant NT-4 is a disulfide-linked homodimer protein consisting of two 131 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 29 kDa protein under non-reducing and as 14 kDa under reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Neurotrophin-4 mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: Recombinant NT-4 is a disulfide-linked homodimer protein consisting of two 131 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 29 kDa protein under non-reducing and as 14 kDa under reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Neurotrophin-4 mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).Manufactured using all non-animal reagents.
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Neurotrophin 4 (NT4) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Epithelial Dissociation System 4 (Epithelial,Submandibular salivary), Mouse and Rat
Human cell neuroblastoma incubated in a modified media Eagle Dulbecco under lack of oxygen-glucose (OGD) for 4 hours and then returned to the aerobic environment normal to reperfusion (OGD / R). 30 ng / mL MIF recombinant (30 ng / mL) or ISO-1 (MIF antagonist; 50 M) was administered to the Human neuroblastoma cells. Then the cell culture is assigned to one of four groups: control, OGD / R, OGD / R by MIF, OGD / R with ISO-1.
